不同生物刺激剂对鲜食玉米产量和品质的影响

为研究生物刺激剂对玉米的增产提质效果,试验探讨不同生物刺激剂对玉米的产量和品质方面的影响,为鲜食玉米的优质高产栽培提供技术支撑。以鲜食玉米‘钱江糯3号’为试验品种,以3种生物刺激剂（阿美滋、美基、保康灵1号）为供试药剂,设置6个处理（阿美滋1000倍液、阿美滋1500倍液、阿美滋2000倍液、美基3000倍液、保康灵1号300倍液、清水对照）,研究大田常规施肥水平下药剂对‘钱江糯3号’的经济性状、产量及品质的影响。在阿美滋1500倍液喷施下,玉米的行粒数、单穗鲜重和单穗净重、产量均最高,蛋白质含量、粗纤维含量、还原糖含量、淀粉含量均居第3位;在保康灵1号300倍液喷施下,玉米的穗粗最高,单穗鲜重、单穗净重、产量均居第2位,蛋白质含量最高,脂肪含量最低,还原糖含量居第2位。阿美滋1500倍液在增加玉米产量上是最佳选择,保康灵1号300倍液则对提升玉米品质最有效果。建议生产上将阿美滋1500倍液与保康灵1号300倍液配合施用,这对鲜食玉米的增产提质效果最好。     

Soil available potassium affected by rice straw incorporation and potassium fertilizer application under a rice–oilseed rape rotation system

Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH₄OAc‐K and NaBPh₄‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K.     

外源蔗糖对离体条件下换锦花小鳞茎发生的影响

从形态学、组织细胞学、生理生化水平、分子水平等多层面探究外源蔗糖浓度对换锦花（Lycoris sprengeri）离体小鳞茎发生的影响。结果表明，MS培养基中外源蔗糖缺失时，离体换锦花鳞茎无法产生小鳞茎，蔗糖浓度为30 或60 g ? L-1时小鳞茎正常发生，但对小鳞茎发生数量影响不大。鳞片内的蔗糖及可溶性糖含量在腋芽形成前不断积累，且鳞片基部淀粉粒的积累为此处小鳞茎的发生提供物质基础。蔗糖促进了茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）在植物体内的积累，抑制了LsWIP1、LsERS2和LsEIN2基因表达量的异常上升，表明蔗糖可能作为信号分子启动了相关损伤保护机制，并促进了小鳞茎的发生。     

不同施氮量对冬小麦产量、效益及土壤理化性状的影响

为探明豫北地区高肥力地块不同施氮量对冬小麦产量、经济效益及土壤理化性状的影响,在安阳市北关区壤质潮土上开展了冬小麦不同施氮量试验,设常规施磷钾肥（W1,CK）、常规施肥减施氮肥30%（W2）、常规施肥减施氮肥15%（W3）、常规施肥减施氮肥5%（W4）、常规施肥（W5）和常规施肥增施氮肥5%（W6）6个处理。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的减少冬小麦主茎叶龄、次生根数、茎蘖数、株高及穗长等农艺性状呈下降趋势,以W6处理最佳。冬小麦产量随着施氮量的增加呈上升趋势,W4、W5、W6处理与W1处理相比增幅分别达48.7%、48.9%、49.1%,W4、W5、W6处理间差异不显著;但与W2、W3处理间差异达到显著水平。不同施氮量处理经济效益较W1处理均有不同程度增加,W4较W1处理净增效益5 869.80元/hm ²,较W5处理净增效益24.45元/hm ²。不同施氮量处理对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾含量和土壤容重有显著影响,但对pH影响不显著。土壤全氮含量随施氮量的增加呈上升趋势;W4处理土壤容重最低。综合分析,以常规施肥减施氮肥5%处理效果最佳。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

除草剂对不同燕麦品种杂草防治效果及其产量的影响

为了筛选燕麦田高效安全的除草剂,在山西北部地区开展了田间试验,选取田普除草剂(主要成分为二甲戊灵)为试验药剂,8种不同生态型的燕麦品种为供试品种,检验该除草剂对不同品种产量和安全性的影响。研究结果表明:田普除草剂对藜科、蓼科、禾本科、苋科杂草效果较明显,尤其是对藜科杂草的防治效果最好,最高的达到了100%,而对马齿苋科、菊科、旋花科杂草效果不好;使用田普除草剂处理对燕麦品种的穗长、轮层数、小穗数等性状有一定的抑制作用,对籽实千粒重的有促进作用;本研究中喷施除草剂的处理的平均籽实产量比不喷施除草剂的处理和人工除草处理分别增产70.5%和4.3%。此外,该除草剂未对后茬作物(油菜)产生明显药害作用,可对燕麦-油菜倒茬安全使用。     

基于最优经济增长的中国各省区碳排放权盈亏分析

在“共同但有区别的责任”原则下,综合考虑人均累计碳排放相等和差别原则,将中国碳排放划分为历史(1995-2010年)和未来(2011-2050年)两个时期,设计并分析中国各省区的减排框架.结果表明:1)历史时期,中国各省碳排放权呈北亏损,南盈余的基本分布格局;2)未来时期,中国各省碳排放权的分布格局变化不大,但亏损和盈余中心的亏损或盈余比重上升;3)两时期内,东部地区盈余比重显著上升,中部地区亏损比重显著上升;西部地区盈余比重显著下降.     

浅析乌兰察布地区金叶榆嫁接以及嫁后管理技术

金叶榆叶片金黄色,枝条密生,树冠丰满,生长旺盛,适合做多种造型,在园林绿化上应用较多;再者,抗寒、抗旱能力强,很适合在乌兰察布地区推广应用,为了满足绿化的需要,对该地区嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术进行了总结,为当地金叶榆嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术提供理论参考。     

青花菜肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因的克隆与表达特征分析

为研究肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶在青花菜生长发育中的作用,采用RT-PCR技术克隆青花菜Bo CCR基因全长c DNA序列,并利用q RT-PCR检测其在不同器官中的表达模式。结果表明:Bo CCR基因开放阅读框为987 bp,推导编码328个氨基酸。预测蛋白分子量为36.86 ku,PI值为6.04。该蛋白亲水性氨基酸多于疏水性氨基酸,为亲水性蛋白。高级结构预测表明青花菜Bo CCR蛋白具有完整的二级结构,三级结构的α-螺旋主要位于外部,β-折叠位于内部。分子进化分析显示CCR蛋白在植物进化过程中,各属形成单独的分枝,可以区分其亲缘关系。荧光定量技术检测到青花菜的Bo CCR基因在花蕾发育早期表达最高,推测该基因可能与青花菜花粉发育相关。     

丘陵地区光伏智能施肥灌溉系统设计

生态农业的发展离不开施肥灌溉等设施的支持。本文介绍了光伏智能施肥灌溉系统的相关配置方案、设计方法、设备选型及计算方式;设计了一套以独立光伏提供能源动力、以GRPS提供无线远程控制,并结合现有智能化施肥灌溉技术的智能施肥灌溉系统,为丘陵山区农作物远程智能化施肥灌溉提供了新的解决方案。